With the development of my country's communication technology modernization, the digitization and informatization of communication technology are becoming more and more extensive, and the research on digital microwave communication technology has also made new achievements. In modern communication technology, microwave communication plays a very important role. In recent years, microwave communication has been widely used in many fields, such as mobile communication and satellite communication. The frequency of microwaves is very high. Any communication in the frequency band of 300MHz to 3000GHz can be called microwave communication. [1]
Microwave communication began to be used in real life in the mid-20th century. It can realize large-capacity communication, fast construction speed, high quality, stable communication process and convenient maintenance. Due to the above advantages, it has become a very frequently used transmission method. Compared with optical fiber communication and satellite communication, microwave communication network is easier to establish. Even in remote areas such as mountainous areas and rural areas, microwave communication can be realized.
In China, microwave communication widely uses L, S, C, and X frequency bands, and the application of K frequency band is still under development. Since microwaves have extremely high frequencies and short wavelengths, their propagation characteristics in the air are similar to those of light waves, that is, they travel in a straight line and are reflected or blocked when encountering obstacles. Therefore, the main mode of microwave communication is line-of-sight communication, and relay forwarding is required beyond line-of-sight. Generally speaking, due to the influence of the earth's curved surface and the loss of space transmission, relay stations need to be set up every 50 kilometers or so to amplify and forward the radio waves to extend them. This communication method is also called microwave relay communication or microwave relay communication. Long-distance microwave communication trunk lines can be transmitted to thousands of kilometers through dozens of relays and still maintain high communication quality.
